Permanent Magnet Machines for Electric Vehicles: Recent Advances and Challenges
by Zi-Qiang Zhu of University of Sheffield

Permanent magnet synchronous machines are currently dominant for electric vehicle application due to high efficiency and high torque density. New and novel high performance permanent magnet machines and rare-earth magnet less machines are being developed. This presentation reports recent advances and challenges in electrical machines for electric vehicles.

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Permanent Magnet Motors with Extremely High Efficiency – Well Beyond IE5 Levels
by Keith W Klontz of Advanced MotorTech LLC

A new class of extremely high efficiency motors is presented, enabled by using permanent magnets in AC motors. The focus will be on motors suitable for direct comparison to the best-in-class IEC industrial motors, especially motors representative of industrial-sized motors in wide use. Efficiency comparison with and without additional motor losses due to the variable frequency drive will be discussed. Also considered are the prospects of such motors becoming available for abundant use in industry, and having significant impact on the industrial motor market.

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Allan Walton of Birmingham University

Magnet Risk and its Impact on Net Zero
by Andrew Hine of GreenSpur Wind

Governments and companies all over the worlds are making 2050 Net Zero commitments to reduce the impact of climate change. The public is generally supportive of these initiatives and the need to move away from fossil fuels to reduce carbon emissions. It is estimated that several $tn are now earmarked to fund the Net Zero transition. Much of this money will come from oil states and companies looking to move away from fossil fuels to develop a sustainable economy powered by renewable energy. Multiple challenges lie ahead, one of which relates to the long-term supply of magnets, which will be needed to power EVs and to generate renewable energy. The presentation will explore Magnet Risk and its potential to derail the Net Zero dream.

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Overview of SmCo Magnets and their applications
by Jinfang Liu of Electron Energy Corporation

This presentation will cover some recent advances in Sm-Co magnets and applications.

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Innovate UK - Circular Critical Minerals Supply Chains Programme (CLIMATES)
by Debra Jones of Innovate UK KTN

This £15m, 2 year intervention supports the UK Critical Minerals Strategy with an initial focus on rare earth elements for high performance magnets. The programme aims to improve the UK security of rare earth element supply through 3 routes: developing a primary supply chain via international relationships to source extracted minerals and process them in the UK, recycling permanent magnets as part of a circular economy and carrying out cutting edge research into the next generation of magnet materials.

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Critical Materials – The Building Blocks for the Clean Energy Transition
by Helena Khazdozian of U.S. Department of Energy

The U.S. White House has set a target to achieve 50% to 52% reduction of greenhouse gas pollution by 2030 relative to 2005 levels. This puts the U.S. on a path to achieve a 100% clean energy economy with net-zero emissions by 2050. To achieve this target, the U.S. Department of Energy is accelerating efforts to decarbonize our energy, manufacturing, and transportation economics – with renewable energy technologies playing a key role in the transition. In particular, the U.S. has put forward goals to deploy 30 GW of offshore wind power capacity and enable 50% adoption of electric vehicles by 2030. Critical materials are the building blocks of the renewable energy technologies needed to achieve net-zero emissions economy wide in the U.S. by 2050. Such critical materials include, but are not limited to, neodymium – a rare earth element in neodymium-iron-boron magnets that enable high density conversion of energy in permanent magnet machines in electric vehicle and direct drive offshore wind turbine drivetrains – and cobalt – which provides thermal stability in lithium battery cathodes for electric vehicle and stationary energy storage. According to the International Energy Agency, the demand for these critical materials is expected to rise by at least four times by 2040 to meet global climate goals. This talk will examine the role critical materials play in renewable energy technologies, the supply chains challenges being faced, and the role research is playing to address these challenges in the near- and long-term time horizons.

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Latest developments in magnet characterisation with a focus on PFMs
by Jack Wade of Hirst Magnetics

We will discuss different magnet measurement techniques, comparisons between them, historical attempts to make the techniques agree, Hirst SDFF technique which makes significant progress on producing permeameter-like curves from PFM measurements, measurement results across a range of temperatures including down to -40C, measurements of large industrially relevant samples

Observing The Rare Earth Magnet Supply Chain - What is and isn’t being discussed in public
by Stan Trout of Spontaneous Materials

Watching the rare earth magnet industry can sometimes be confusing. Lots of things are happening at once and it is often difficult to determine the relative significance of any one given event. This talk tries to identify some important current trends and assess their significance. In addition, we will mention some critical topics that are not being discussed in public, but probably should, ending with a small bit of advice.

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Setting up a new supply chain for NdFeB magnets; why is it so hard!
by Ian Higgins of Lanthanideas Ltd

The technical advantages offered by NdFeB magnets for efficient conversion of electrical power to mechanical power and vice versa are hugely attractive for a range of green technologies. However, there remain several challenges associated with the setting up of new supply chains that are ethical, environmentally acceptable and transparent. This paper will outline the background, current situation and possible ways forward to create a more balanced global supply chain.

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